Basic terms and ideas and OOPs key terms

Basic terms and ideas

There is two type of programming approach:

1.   Procedural approach: code , function based

e.g.  c, Cobol, Fortran

2. Object Oriented Approach: based on class and object

          e.g. c++, java, python, c#




Parts of a C++ Program:

 1.   Function :  it is one of the fundamental bulding blocks of C++. main() function is the executable function from which execution of the program starts.

fun()
 {
      ------------;
       ----------;
        ----------;
  }
main()
 {
 }

main() and fun() is function , body of these function are surrounded by braces.

    2.   Statements : it is the fundamental unit of c++ programming.

Output statement :

         

cout<<”statement”;

   3.   Directives : #include<function>

# is the preprocessor directives is an instruction to the compiler.It tells the compiler to include another file into your source file.

   4.   Header Files : #include<iostream.h>

IOSREAM is a header file example. It is use for declaration that are needed by the “cout” identifier and the << operator.

   5.   Comment : It is for identification of the program which helps the person who check  or write the program. Its very useful for programmers.

E.g.:

 //comment section or /*Comment section*/

And other parts are variable, statement, classes, and member function which is important.

OOPS Key Term: -

   1.   Abstraction: -

it is the process that define, what we need to display or show and, what we need to hide.

It is a technique that separate the presentation and implementation.

For: - Data Show: Public

Data Hide: Private

   2.   Encapsulation: -

It Is the process which is use for How to hide or Protect the data for outside

1.   Class: members ------ object

2.   Class: member: private /protected

3.   Inheritance: -

There will be concept of parent class and child class. child will inherit the parents.

Types of Inheritance

Types of Inheritance

4.   Polymorphism: -

Poly stands for many and morph stands for shape / size/form.

Polymorphism means

the ability to take more than one form.

Many Forms: -

a.   Overloading (Static): In one class.

b.   Overriding (Dynamic): In many Class or multiple class.